An FHA loan is a mortgage loan issued by the lenders approved by the Federal Housing Administration. A type of federal assistance, FHA insured loans lend lower income Americans and first time home buyers the opportunity to borrow money to buy a house they cannot afford otherwise. The aim of providing FHA loans is to make the home financing system stronger and stabilize the mortgage market. The FHA serves as an insurance company to lenders, thus minimizing the default risk for them.
Features of FHA Loans
- The minimum credit score for an FHA mortgage is 620. The interest rate depends on the buyer’s credit score.
- The first-time home buyer should pay 3.5% down payment, besides the low FHA mortgage rate, which is actually much less compared to conventional loans. Even the down payment can come from a down payment assistance program or gifts from family or friends.
- FHA loans allow for much more flexibility and thus are easier to qualify for than conventional loans.
- FHA streamline is a program that helps FHA loan borrowers reduce their interest rates by refinancing, provided that they meet all the program requirements. In this program, buyers need not get into the hassle and expense of having an appraisal.
Qualifying for FHA Loans
The following requirements are essential to qualify for FHA loans:
- Credit background: Having a decent credit background to show that you meet your obligations. You should have established credit to qualify for an FHA loan. This is essential to convince the lender that you have at least some history.
- Income: Having sufficient steady income to pay off your monthly debt will mean that you would not default your payments. For this, you should be employed for two years, though not necessarily, with the same employer.
- Debt to income ratio. ( Having reasonable debt to income ratios will help determine how much you can borrow. This is to ensure that the loan is not too much for you to bear. Therefore, they will figure out a reasonable monthly payment for you to pay, which is calculated as a modest percentage of the gross income. Though there are exceptions to this rule (talk to your lender) FHA requires borrowers to pay not more than 31% of their gross income to the total housing cost, i.e., Principle, Interest, Tax, and Insurance (PITI).
- Closing cost: Having enough cash at the time of closing will mean you can make your down payment. HUD regulates FHA closing costs and ensures that these do not go beyond the maximum fee limits for home buyers.
- Bankruptcy: If you have a bankruptcy, to qualify for FHA loans, your state of bankruptcy must be at least two years old. Your records must state that your credit score has improved since then.
FHA Mortgage Insurance
FHA charges a fee from borrowers to insure the lenders and reduce their risk in case the former default a payment. Under FHA loans, home buyers must pay an upfront mortgage insurance premium and ongoing fee, besides their monthly payments. If the borrower defaults, the collected insurance premiums will be used to pay off the home loan.
FHA Closing Costs
According to FHA requirements, the borrower is entitled to pay some of the closing costs as charges while either the seller or lender will pay some others. These charges are deposit verification fees, attorney’s fees (outside of California), appraisal fee, inspection fees, document preparation, and many more. Closing costs are not considered in the calculation of mortgage amount or down payment.
FHA loans can be sought for various other reasons, besides purchasing a home, such as:
- To repair or renovate their home
- To make their home energy efficient
Other Funds
- Gifts from a borrower’s relative, employer, charitable organization, or government assistance program are permissible as down payment.
- Sale proceeds from the sale of an asset can be used for down payment, provided the required proofs are available.
- Savings at home or mattress money is also an acceptable source of income, provided the money is first deposited in a financial organization at the time of payment. The lender has every right to question the source of that income.
FHA Loan Limit by County
Sacramento County $580,00
Placer County $580,000
El Dorado County $580,000
FHA Home Loans Vs. Non-FHA Loans
FHA loans were designed as mortgage loans for the low income groups and first-time home buyers. These are limited in variety compared to non-FHA loans. Being conservative loans, these post the least risk to the lender unlike other non-FHA loans, where the lender is at a high risk. FHA mortgage insurance protects the lender in this case. Often FHA loans are the best option for first-time home buyers.